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Cómo convertirse en un hacker MediaWiki

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This page is a translated version of the page How to become a MediaWiki hacker and the translation is 35% complete.
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Este artículo está escrito para ayudar a desarrolladores novatos para que aprendan las habilidades necesarias para contribuir al desarrollo de MediaWiki y sus extensiones.

Contributing to MediaWiki is often difficult, so if you would like to get involved with Wikimedia development instead, you should contribute to Wikimedia projects that offer mentoring. An alternative without mentoring is to fix a good first bug.

Si eres un desarrollador experimentado que posee experiencia con MediaWiki, visita el Centro del desarrollador en cambio.

Para otras maneras de aportar en la comunidad Wikimedia, ve Cómo puedes contribuir .

Resumen

MediaWiki es el software que permite el funcionamiento de Wikipedia, sus proyectos hermanos y miles de wikis en todo el mundo.

MediaWiki está escrito en el lenguaje de programación PHP. JavaScript is used for providing interactive interface elements along with jQuery and Vue.js as client JavaScript libraries.

Existen algunas herramientas adicionales que están escritas en otros lenguajes, incluyendo archivos batch, script shell, makefiles y Python.

MediaWiki está escrito principalmente para la plataforma LAMP[1] y se ejecuta en la mayoría de los sistemas operativos. MediaWiki usa principalmente servidores de MySQL y MariaDB.[2]

Development happens in an open source style,[3] is largely coordinated online, and supported by the Wikimedia Foundation, though volunteer community developers play a huge part as well.

La lista principal de desarrolladores es wikitech-l. Los canales del desarrollador son #mediawiki connect y #wikimedia-dev connect.

Find or create a task

Before you ever develop a feature or fix a bug in a MediaWiki project, it is important that you do your research about it. This includes:

  1. Search Phabricator if an open or closed Task (Document Types field) already exists. If it doesn't, create one. If this is a very small change, don't create one.
  2. Find and investigate the code that needs to be changed to implement the feature. Comment your findings on the Phabricator Task if they might be helpful to others who implement it or review your changes.
  3. Determine if you can likely add the feature or fix the bug based the code you investigated and the changes needed. If the task is large or complex, you should find something easier and work your way up to eventually be able to handle tasks of that size. If you believe you can complete it, assign yourself to the Task and begin working on it.

Instalando tu ambiente de desarrollo

Once you have found something you can work on, the next step to developing MediaWiki or an extension is creating an environment to run MediaWiki, its database, and any other external features so that you can develop and test them.

You can install and develop MediaWiki on Linux, Windows, or macOS using any of the three solutions below.

Docker

Docker is a good option if you want to setup a MediaWiki installation quickly and are not planning on installing many extensions.

You can also try the mwcli tool which sets up Docker with a few simple commands and provides basic orchestration functionality between MediaWiki, MySQL, ElasticSearch, Memcached, and other types of containers.

Vagrant

  • Instalación de Vagrant - Esto da un paso que instalará el servidor de MediaWiki con todos los requisitos dentro de una máquina virtual con Linux (puede ser utilizado en Linux, Windows, o Hosts de Mac)

Vagrant allows you start a MediaWiki instance you can develop as well as allowing you to add and develop any of 250+ extensions - all with a single command.

This saves you installation and configuration time compared to manually adding extensions in a Docker or local installation, but it runs a bit slower than the other two options.

Instalación local

Local installation is a good option if you want to set up a simple development environment quickly without using Docker.

Open a code editor

The two recommended code editors for editing MediaWiki are VSCode and PhpStorm. VSCode is free and PhpStorm is paid, however, you can acquire a PhpStorm license for free if you are a student by linking your GitHub Education account to your JetBrains account, or by requesting a license granted to Wikimedia.

To determine which editor you should install and use, know that all-around, PhpStorm has more and more-powerful features than VSCode. However, PhpStorm takes significantly longer to load on start than VSCode as it builds an index of the entire repository whereas VSCode progressively loads. Therefore, VSCode is typically useful for file-viewing sessions or small changes and PhpStorm for larger changes. It makes sense to have both installed for these reasons.

To develop the MediaWiki codebase that is inside a Docker container you can establish a remote connection to it and open the MediaWiki folder inside it using VSCode or PhpStorm.

Change and test the code

Change the code and view your changes by reloading your MediaWiki browser tab. Make sure to follow Manual:Convenciones de código . Write and run tests on your code to make sure it works and is formatted properly.

Note, you can save time by ensuring your changes will be accepted before taking the time to write tests. Create a patch without needed tests and ask for someone to review it stating that you will add tests after they review it.

Create a patch

Finally, to submit your code to be reviewed and added to the repository you are contributing to, follow Gerrit/Tutorial .

Communication tips and guidelines

A developer fixes a bug in a MediaWiki extension, including investigation, git commit, getting it reviewed and merged, and closing the Bugzilla ticket (now replaced by Phabricator ).

Follow these tips to communicate effectively and get help from community members.

Use Phabricator tasks effectively

When you plan to work on a Phabricator task:

  • No need to ask for permission: You can work on unassigned tasks without asking someone to assign them to you. There is no authority who assigns tasks or who needs to be asked first.
    • If a task already has a recent patch in Gerrit, choose a different task to work on instead.
    • If an existing patch in Gerrit has not been merged and has not seen any changes for a long time, you could improve that existing patch, based on the feedback in Gerrit and in the task.
  • Do your research: When you consider working on a task, do research before you start coding. Look at the code, try to understand what it is supposed to do, read related documentation, and try to find the places where you need to make code changes.
    • In a Phabricator task, use the project tags in the side bar to find the code repository for the task.
    • If you have no idea at all how to fix the bug, consider finding an easier one first.
  • You do not need to announce your plans before you start working on a task, but you should communicate that you are working on the task.
    • When you start work, set yourself as task assignee by clicking Edit Task… in Phabricator, and set your Phabricator username in the Assigned To field. This communicates to others that you are working on it, so they don't duplicate work.
    • When your plans or interests change: If you are no longer working on a task, remove yourself as the assignee of the task. This tells others that they can work on the task, and they won't expect you to still work on it.
  • Follow Phabricator etiquette.
    • In Phabricator tasks, discuss only specific questions about the topic of that task. Don't use Phabricator to ask general questions, like how to set up a development environment or how to fix problems with Gerrit.

Compose good questions

  • Don't ask to ask...just ask!.
  • Be specific and provide context: Instead of simply asking "Can you give me more info?", "Please guide me", or "Please tell me how to start", include the following information in your question:
    • What are you trying to achieve?
    • What have you already tried? Copy and paste your commands and their output (if not too long) instead of paraphrasing in your own words.
    • What have you found out already during your research? Include links to code, documentation, or other resources you already consulted.
  • Use specific titles and subject lines in your communication. "Proposal draft" or "Need help" is not specific.
  • Keep conversations readable: When you reply in Zulip, in Phabricator tasks, or on mailing lists, only quote sections of previous comments that are relevant to your response. If you quote a complete previous comment, it makes threads hard to read.

Follow communication policies and best practices

Before you send or post your question:

Ask in the right place

  • Ask in public: Do not send private messages if your conversation topic is not secret. Private messages don't help others.
  • Ask and discuss in the best place:
    • In Phabricator tasks, discuss only specific questions about the topic of that task.
    • Ask general technical questions, like how to set up a development environment or how to fix problems with Gerrit, in the places listed on Comunicación .
    • If you take part in an outreach program, then Zulip is for discussing questions about the outreach programs themselves.

Be patient

After you post your question:

  • Do not ask people for code review in a separate message. People receive Gerrit and Phabricator notifications and will respond when they can.
  • When seeking input and comments, especially during weekends and holidays, you may need to wait until business hours resume. On chat channels like IRC: if nobody answers, try again at a different time; don't just give up!
  • If you don't get an answer even after waiting and being patient, consider if other Communication channels might be a better place to ask your question.

Apéndice

Colaboradores de MediaWiki trabajando en Bangalore, India.

PHP

MediaWiki está escrito en PHP, por lo que necesitarás familiarizarte con PHP para modificar el núcleo de MediaWiki.

Aprende PHP
  • Tutorial de PHP — Disponible en muchos idiomas diferentes. Si no posees conocimientos de PHP pero sabes cómo programar en otros lenguajes de programación orientados a objetos, PHP te resultará sencillo de aprender.
  • PHP Programming at Wikibooks.
  • PHP at Wikiversity.
Recursos de PHP
Stuff to know
  • The script maintenance/eval.php in MediaWiki provides a basic PHP interpreter with MediaWiki objects and classes loaded.
  • Also, the script maintenance/shell.php in MediaWiki is a replacement of maintenance/eval.php based on PsySH, see Manual:Shell.php

Base de datos

Many features require some amount of database manipulation, so you'll often need to be familiar with MySQL/MariaDB.

Aprende MySQL/MariaDB
Recursos de MySQL/MariaDB
Stuff to know
  • Prueba tu código con MySQL/MariaDB.
    • MediaWiki currently uses MySQL and MariaDB as the primary database back-end. It also supports other DBMSes, such as PostgreSQL and SQLite. However, almost all developers use MySQL/MariaDB and don't test other DBs, which consequently break on a regular basis. You're therefore advised to use MySQL/MariaDB when testing patches, unless you're specifically trying to improve support for another DB. In the latter case, make sure you're careful not to break MySQL/MariaDB (or write queries that are horribly inefficient in it), since MySQL/MariaDB is what everybody else uses.

JavaScript y CSS

JavaScript and CSS have become omnipresent in front-end code. You don't have to be familiar with JavaScript, jQuery and CSS to work on MediaWiki, but you might need to, depending on what you choose to work on.

Aprende JavaScript y CSS
Recursos de Javascript y CSS

MediaWiki

Introduction to MediaWiki core concepts

The MediaWiki code base is large and some parts are ugly; don't be overwhelmed by it. When you're first starting off, aim to write features or fix bugs which only touch a small region of code.

MediaWiki basics and must-reads
MediaWiki resources

Extensiones MediaWiki

Introduction to MediaWiki extensions

If you choose to work on MediaWiki extensions code, the following links provide more information.

MediaWiki extensions basics:
MediaWiki extensions resources:

MediaWiki skins

Manual:Cómo hacer una apariencia (skin) de MediaWiki is helpful if you choose to work on MediaWiki skins.

Véase también

Footnotes

  1. ↑ MediaWiki puede ejecutarse en la mayorías de las plataformas que soportan PHP, sin embargo, la falta de algunos programas utilitarios o características del sistema operativo pueden limitar la funcionalidad o rendimiento de MediaWiki en plataformas que no son LAMP.
  2. ↑ MediaWiki posee soporte para más gestores de bases de datos, incluyendo a PostgreSQL y SQLite.
  3. ↑ Developers are a mix of volunteers and paid staff (or contractors) for various organizations. For a full list of who works on the MediaWiki code, read the Desarrolladores article.
  4. ↑ Browse the source code and revisions of code repositories at https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/diffusion/ or download the source code to your system by using Gerrit.
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